Brick Paver Walkway Repair & Polymeric Sanding

This past week in Ann Arbor we did a brick paver repair of a brick walkway & porch approach. This brick paver walkway was in need of immediate attention. According to the customer, the paver walk had quickly deteriorated this past few years.  Due to the lack of yearly maintenance and some homeowner inspection, this paving stone walk began to fail.

This brick paver walkway had evidence of severe erosion due to joint gapping, lack of paver joint sand, weed & grass growth in the paver joints, and the exposure of the cement bead edge restraint.  Paving stones where loose and uneven and the brick walk was beginning to stretch or move out throughout the paver pathway & porch approach.

 We lifted up all the paving stones, power washed them off, recompacted the old paver base material, added some new paver base to relevel properly, relaid the paving stones, installed a new cement bead paver edge restraint, and finally finished off the paver joints with polymeric sand. We also covered up the outside edge restraint with soil & sod to protect the outside edges from erosion.


After we completed this brick paver repair project, I spent a half hour educating my customer on the yearly paver maintenance requirements. I also pointed out the early signs of any trouble the pavers may exhibit so he can have us address these issues before they become a costly paver repair.


Another successful brick paver restoration by Brick Doctor Bill this week. We will move on to the other side of Ann Arbor this week to help bring back the beauty & function of paving stones and retaining walls in your neighborhood!

Anatomy of a Raised Brick Paver Patio

I am very select in the brick paver installation projects that I will perform in a given year. I will not bid on every brick paver patio, walkway, driveway lead that I am contacted on. I am not interested in bidding against inferior brick paver installers like landscapers who cut corners, create poor designs, and do not pay attention to custom detail. Customers who seek brick paver excellence and education are the clients I seek to service.

This paver patio project was beneficial to both the homeowner and myself because we were on the same page throughout this paver patio project. I feel this is the best method of installing a brick pavers project that insures a successful business arrangement between client & contractor.

This client had an open schedule, had researched the product and new what they wanted, and had budgeted from installations we had performed for family & friends. After I made some crucial recommendation to the paver patio size and layout, the brick paver installation commenced. We used UNILOCK's Stonehenge 3 shape brick pavers and Roman Pisa wall & caps to construct the raised patio frame & step.

Here is the "Anatomy of a Raised Brick Paver Patio" that we installed for this client. Performing basic brick paver and modular retaining wall techniques will insure the long-term success and beauty of this raised paver patio.  Enjoy this picture time line and I hope it helps educate homeowners and brick paver contractors a like.

The customer had a patio stone patio laid on an inch or two of sand. This was a temporary patio until they could reach their budget for the "real" paver patio they desired! As you can see, the patio size did not facilitate the patio furniture and grill.  We began by removing the patio stones, temporary cinder block steps, and removed the sod where the new raised patio was to be installed. We removed 10-12" more of the sod on the outside of the expected paver patio.

We started by shooting heights for the paver patio by using one of the most important tools for any brick paver contractor..the transit level.  We then dug our trench for the modular retaining wall blocks. These Unilock blocks are 12" deep so we dug the trench 20" wide (4" either way) and dug deep enough to install 6" of compacted gravel under the blocks. The retaining wall block trench then was filled and compacted with 1" down to fines crushed gravel.

The compacted gravel was then screeded and set to the height needed to set the modular retaining wall blocks & caps to the finished height of the paving stones of the patio. The radius and gapping of the blocks were set to best fit the limitations of the product and the objectives of the paver patio design. It is best to merge the restrictions of the products and objectives of the design to best maximize the appearance of the final product.

Filter fabric (geo-textile blanket) is installed under paver base material and behind wall blocks to limit filtration of sub soil into paver base and limit any washout through joints of wall blocks.


The gaps of the wall blocks are filled and compacted prior to capping. This also will help firm up the wall and give it some added strength and help from settling behind the wall.




  Wall caps were marked for diamond blade cuts and done uniformally to give the wall a finished look with no gaps.

This is a tedious task having to cut each cap in the radius but the finished look sets off the whole appearance of the paver patio giving it that rich coping look with a natural rock face.

Cutting with Diamond Blade saws is usually best done by a brick paver contractor. Many inexperienced paving contractors or homeowners use a guillotine cutter (hydraulic snap) or just plain out leave gaps for a poor finish look.

Once the modular retaining wall blocks & caps were installed for this raised paver patio, the entire area was filled with paver base material in 4-5" lifts. Each lift was raked level and compacted with a power plate compactor. Tight areas along the back of the wall blocks and house were completed by a hand tamper. This particular raised paver patio needed @ 8" (2 Lifts) of compacted paver base to allow for the bedding course & paving stone thickness.


It is important to make sure the paver base is compacted level. If compacted uneven or pitching back to the house, the results over the years will be a wavy and improper pitching paver surface. The top of the paver patio will mimics the base below over time. The compacted paver base is your foundation!

After the paver base material is correctly leveled and compacted, it is time to bring in the bedding course. The bedding course is the 1 to1 1/2" layer of screed that will be the layer of base for the interlocking pavers to "lock up" into. It is also the leveling course for the finished paving stone height. In Michigan, we use either 2NS Sand (similar to sharp sand) or 30A Slag Sand.

Here is where the real magic occurs for the experienced brick paver contractor....leveling the bedding course to prepare for the proper installation of the paving stones. The heights and pitches need to be correct to insure a well draining patio and appearance.  Screed poles, level transit, and patience are most during this stage. Done correctly, the laying of the paving stones will be simple and timely.

Due to the size of this paver patio, we decided to split the brick patio in half and screed one area, lay the paving stones, then screed the second half and finish laying the remaining paving stones. Screed poles which are no more than galvanized 10ft poles bought at a hardware store are suffice. We usually use 3 poles at a time to screed large areas.  The poles are reset and checked for height & pitch a few times before the final screeding takes place. After the final screed, the poles are carefully removed and the holes left are filled.

For areas that are tight or irregular, a keen eye and experienced "hand" screed is done with a mason's spatula.  Going in different directions so slightly will help insure holes or voids being filled. We will check these areas with small torpedo levels to insure proper pitch.

After we were satisfied that the screed was prepared for the laying of the paving stones, we began laying the interlocking brick pavers.  We discussed the best place to start the pattern to insure the best look of the paver patio.  We take in effect all sides of the patio and where best cuts should be performed.  Most inexperienced brick paver contractors just start laying and worry about the outcome at the end.  This can lead to a cut up or botched finish look.  Much like inside tile work, there is a thought process that needs to take place.

String lines are used periodically to insure that the laying pattern of the brick pavers is not "floating" or "veering off". It is amazing how dimensional paving stones will be off due to variances in the dimensions of the paving stones themselves.  If your brick paver installer is using string lines to level your pavers, you are in trouble!  String lines or more accurate in squaring off patterns or aligning borders.

Mixing from multiple paving stone bundles is a must to insure a good color mix.  Not all bundles of pavers or wall blocks are mixed evenly in color due to production lots.  If you do not mix, even within a bundle itself, your final paver patio may have an uneven quilt look of dark and light stones.  We always inspect the paver bundles prior to laying and discuss the strategy for grabbing the pavers & spotting.  It is best to mix the color shades while spotting so the brick paver layer can move quickly and not fuss with changing out paving stones.

After all the paving stones were laid in full pieces throughout this raised paver patio, the piecing of all openings takes place.  We cut all of our paving stones with a diamond blade and use both a chop saw and cut saw (fireman's saw).  It is important to set the brick paver cut in the opening and mark for cutting.  Cutting is an art for some. Some workers are a wizz and others struggle. That is what makes someone a carpenter and another a mechanic.  When ordering your product for a paver project, you should add upto 10% more to account for the loss of cuts that are not going to be usable.

We now give the entire brick paver patio an initial sweep of regular paver joint sand or polymeric sand.  Do not worry about filling every little joint as you will be doing a finish sweeping later. Make sure that the brick patio or paver joint sand is completely dry when sweeping.

 We then use the power plate compactor to set the interlocking pavers into the bedding course to achieve lateral "lock up" and set in our paver joint sand.  We went in several directions to insure proper lock up and followed up with the hand tamper in tight spaces where the plate compactor could not get into. After we are satisfied with the final compaction of pavers, we do the finish sweep with the paver joint sand, making sure we get all joints and nooks & crannies.

   Here is the finished patio! Another estactic and satisfied client by Brick Doctor Bill.  It was a pleasure working with a client who allowed us to work with the products benefits and now they will enjoy a patio for life. With proper yearly minor maintenance like sand sweeping and addressing any substantial settling due to frost damage, this raised paver patio will give years of enjoyment and neighbor envy. 

At the end of the job, I spent about 45 minutes educating the client on the paver maintenance requirements, options of polymeric sand or sealing, what to look out for to avoid future costly brick paver repairs, and how best to rub it in our your neighbor...lol.

I will return in the future to post great pics of the paver patio maturing and landscaping accents. I hope this pictorial was helpful in assuring a successful and long-term brick paver patio investment for you.  On to our next "house call" we go! 

A Paver Patio NOT installed by a Brick Paver Specialist

The other day I did a brick paver repair estimate for a paver patio in Ann Arbor. I immediately knew that this brick paver patio was NOT installed by a brick paver specialist. It was no surprise the client informed me that the Landscaper they hired installed this paving stone patio.

The first an foremost sign that an inexperience brick paver contractor installed this sub par paver patio is the absence of a soldier course row around the perimeter of the paver installation.  A soldier course row is usually the larger rectangular shape paving stones of the pattern, laid like a "row of soldiers", used to secure & frame the interlocking brick pavers.

The perimeter of most brick paver installations need a whole paving stone on the outside frame to better secure the diamond cut pieces of the pattern. Cut pieces will definitely sink or move if left on the outside edge of paving stones. Also, the paver edge restraint, whether plastic pvc or cement bead, will perform better.

The real advantage of "framing" your  brick pavers patio, walk, driveway, etc.. is the improved design appearance of the finished edges. Look all around your home for finished edges, tops, or bottoms, like trim molding, door & window jams, mason soldiers & ledges, and more. Not only are these "finished edges" functional but also ascetically pleasing. Your interlocking brick paver installation must have the same!

The second sign of this paver patio installation being installed by an inexperience landscaper is the rolling down of the paving stones on the outside edges. All too often, landscaping crews do not prep far enough out from the outside edges of the interlocking brick pavers.  Therefore, the outside edges will settle or "roll down" from the rest of the paving stones since the paver base material past the edges was not prepped or even installed.

For brick walkways, 4-5" minimum prep is needed past the edges of the interlocking pavers. Paver Patios minimum prep is 8"-10" and Paver Driveways 10-12" prep of base material past the edges of the paving stones. This will not only help prevent the ever noticeable edge "roll down" by inexperienced brick paver contractors but also give your paver edge restraint the proper base to be installed upon.

When getting estimates on your interlocking brick paver or retaining wall installations, make sure you do some research on the experience of the brick paver contractor you are hiring. Not all landscapers are inexperienced in installing paving stones, but a majority just add this service to their expanded repertoire.  Brick paver specialists and experts will perform all the major detail work and prep that will insure a long-term success of performance & appearance.

Small Paver Patio Repair after 5 Years Installed!

This past week in Ann Arbor, I did a small paver patio repair on a raised brick paver patio & brick walkway I installed 5 years ago. I am proud to see the results of this paver patio and the customer is as ecstatic today as the time we installed this project. The client had been frustrated with the constant upkeep & cost of a wooden deck. After years of substantial costs & sweat equity to maintain this wooden deck, the customer searched for a better solution.

The solution was a low maintenance modular retaining wall & paving stone constructed paver patio. I used UNILOCK's Pisa 2 retaining wall system to construct the paver patio frame and steps while laying Olde Greenwich Cobble as the paving stones.

This paver patio was installed in 2005 and after some severe winter climates and frosts in Michigan, it has remained intact and beautiful. The only repair needed was raising the paver soldier course along the back of the modular retaining wall caps. I talk about this paver repair in a previous post called "Top Brick Paver Repairs".

One of the major reasons that this raised paver patio and paver walkway has remained so beautiful and functional is due to the diligence of the homeowner. Each Spring they have swept in paver joint sand. A couple of years ago, they began using polymeric sand which not only aides in preventing weed & grass growth in the joints, it also helps prevent any erosion due to rain & snow. The homeowner also checked the modular retaining wall caps each Spring to make sure they were not loose. I had left them a caulking tube of Paver Bond adhesive so after my warranty they could keep them fastened.

After I completed this brick paver project, I took the time to educate the customer on the yearly maintenance requirements and the signs of possible future paver repair. I talk to them about the pros and cons of sealing pavers, what to do about the landscape around the paver installations, what not to leave on the paver patio in the winter, and when to contact me if certain areas begin to settle.

The most important tip that I gave this client was to contact me when there are signs of the paving stone soldier course settling along the back of the modular retaining wall caps on the raised paver patio area.  It took 5 years but they diligently did.  This $150 paver repair of the soldier course will protect this raised paver patio from excessively settling to avoid wall settling and a more costly repair.

The result of a proper brick paver installation & design, educating the homeowner,the homeowner performing simple maintenance, and a touch-up brick paver repair has been a beautiful & functional paver patio & walkway that this homeowner and contractor can appreciate. I am proud of this homeowner and more brick paver installations would remain this perfect if all involved would take pride in the effort and cost of paving stone installations.